Philippines: Facts & Stats

ECONOMY

Industry:

The manufacturing sector produces the country's top export products such as semiconductors, electronics, machinery and transport equipment, and garments. Exports of electronics and semiconductors generated US$17.4 billion in 1998 and US$21.6 billion in 1999. Other chief imports of this sector include paper and paper products, textile yarn and fabrics, nonmetallic minerals, iron and steel, and metal products.

Most of the large and medium manufacturing companies are in special export-processing zones or industrial parks. Some provinces have been specially designated to host these companies, such as the CALABARZON area which is made up of 4 provinces: Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, and Quezon.

Agriculture:

25 percent of the production area was taken up by coconuts, a major export earner. Sugarcane, pineapples, and Cavendish bananas (a dwarf variety) were also important earners of foreign exchange, although they accounted for a relatively small portion of cultivated area.

Climatic conditions are a major determinant of crop production patterns. For example, coconut trees need a constant supply of water and do not do well in areas with a prolonged dry season. Sugarcane, on the other hand, needs moderate rainfall spread out over a long growing period and a dry season for ripening and harvesting. Soil type, topography, government policy, and regional conflict between Christians and Muslims were also determinants in the patterns of agricultural activity.

Research & Development:

The National Institute of Science and Technology was reorganized into the present Industrial Technology Development Institute in order to undertake applied R&D and to transfer R&D results to end-users and to provide technical, advisory and consultancy services in the fields of industrial manufacturing, mineral processing and energy. Entry into the advanced technology areas was formalized with the creation of the Advanced Science and Technology Institute (ASTI). In line with this, additional S&T Councils, namely the PCASTRD and the PCAMRD, were created to further strengthen the Council system.

In most R&D institutes technology transfer units were established in order to carry out the added responsibility of transferring completed researches. Provincial S&T Centers were established to help ensure the efficient and effective transfer of technologies in the provinces.

The very recent S&T framework plan is entitled “Competence, Competitiveness, Conscience: The Medium Term Plan of the Department of Science and Technology (1999-2004)”. Although this plan has not yet been fully analyzed because it has not been subjected to any critical discussion, it is worth mentioning the its six flagship programs include: comprehensive program to enhance technology enterprises: integrated program on clean technologies; establishment of a packaging R&D center; expansion of regional metrology centers; S&T intervention program for poor, vulnerable and disabled; and comprehensive S&T program for Mindanao. Although the vision and direction of the plan is novel, there are no specific implementation rules and guidelines.

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